The role of mosses in ecosystem succession and function in Alaska’s boreal forest1

نویسندگان

  • Merritt R. Turetsky
  • Michelle C. Mack
  • Teresa N. Hollingsworth
  • Jennifer W. Harden
چکیده

Shifts in moss communities may affect the resilience of boreal ecosystems to a changing climate because of the role of moss species in regulating soil climate and biogeochemical cycling. Here, we use long-term data analysis and literature synthesis to examine the role of moss in ecosystem succession, productivity, and decomposition. In Alaskan forests, moss abundance showed a unimodal distribution with time since fire, peaking 30–70 years post-fire. We found no evidence of mosses compensating for low vascular productivity in low-fertility sites at large scales, although a trade-off between moss and vascular productivity was evident in intermediate-productivity sites. Mosses contributed 48% and 20% of wetland and upland productivity, respectively, but produced tissue that decomposed more slowly than both nonwoody and woody vascular tissues. Increasing fire frequency in Alaska is likely to favor feather moss proliferation and decrease Sphagnum abundance, which will reduce soil moisture retention and decrease peat accumulation, likely leading to deeper burning during wildfire and accelerated permafrost thaw. The roles of moss traits in regulating key aspects of boreal performance (ecosystem N supply, C sequestration, permafrost stability, and fire severity) represent critical areas for understanding the resilience of Alaska’s boreal forest region under changing climate and disturbance regimes. Résumé : Des changements dans les communautés de mousses peuvent altérer la résistance des écosystèmes boréaux aux changements climatiques à cause du rôle des espèces de mousses dans la régulation du pédoclimat et le recyclage biogéochimique. Dans cette étude, nous avons eu recours à l’analyse de données à long terme et à une synthèse de la littérature pour étudier le rôle des mousses dans la succession, la productivité et la décomposition dans les écosystèmes. Dans les forêts de l’Alaska, l’abondance des mousses a une distribution unimodale dans le temps avec un maximum qui survient 30– 70 ans après un feu. Nous n’avons pas trouvé d’indice à grande échelle démontrant que les mousses compensent la faible productivité des plantes vasculaires dans les stations à faible productivité. Par contre, un compromis entre la productivité des mousses et celle des plantes vasculaires était évident dans les stations à productivité intermédiaire. Les mousses étaient responsables de respectivement 48 % et 20 % de la productivité des zones humides et sèches, mais elles produisaient des tissus qui se décomposent plus lentement que les tissus vasculaires photosynthétiques et ligneux. L’augmentation de la fréquence des feux en Alaska va probablement favoriser la prolifération des mousses hypnacées et diminuer l’abondance des Sphagnum. Cela va diminuer la rétention de l’humidité dans le sol et réduire l’accumulation de tourbe, ce qui entraı̂nera probablement un brûlage plus en profondeur lors de feux de forêt et la fonte accélérée du pergélisol. Les rôles associé aux caractéristiques des mousses dans la régulation des aspects clés de la performance des écosystèmes boréaux (l’apport de N dans l’écosystème, la séquestration de C, la stabilité du pergélisol et la sévérité du feu) représentent des domaines cruciaux pour comprendre la résilience de la région de la forêt boréale de l’Alaska face aux changements du climat et des régimes

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تاریخ انتشار 2010